In experimental research, a dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment. Its value depends on the changes made to the independent variable. In other words, the dependent variable is the outcome or result that is being studied. It is called "dependent" because its value is thought to depend on the value of the independent variable.
Suppose you are conducting an experiment to see if the amount of water given to a plant affects its growth. In this case, the amount of water given to the plant is the independent variable, and the resulting growth of the plant is the dependent variable. The growth of the plant depends on the amount of water it receives.
Understanding dependent variables is a fundamental concept in experimental research and is important for interpreting and designing scientific studies.