Acid-Base Balance
Acid-base balance refers to the homeostasis of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in the body. The balance between acids and bases is crucial for maintaining the normal physiological functions of the body.
Acids and Bases
An acid is a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion (H+), while a base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. In physiological terms, acids are compounds that release H+ ions in solution, while bases are compounds that bind H+ ions.
pH Scale
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral, pH less than 7 is acidic, and pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).
Buffers
Buffers are substances that help maintain a stable pH by resisting changes in the H+ concentration. In the body, buffers such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) play a crucial role in regulating the acid-base balance.
Acid-Base Imbalance
When the body's acid-base balance is disturbed, it can lead to acidosis (low pH) or alkalosis (high pH), both of which can have detrimental effects on physiological functions.
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
The body regulates acid-base balance through various mechanisms, including the respiratory system, which controls the elimination of carbon dioxide (a major acid), and the renal system, which helps regulate the excretion and reabsorption of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
Study Guide
- Define acid and base, and provide examples of each.
- Explain the pH scale and its significance in acid-base balance.
- Discuss the role of buffers in maintaining pH stability in the body.
- Describe the consequences of acid-base imbalance on physiological functions.
- Outline the mechanisms by which the body regulates acid-base balance.
Understanding acid-base balance is essential for comprehending various physiological processes and the impact of imbalances on health and disease.
