Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the process of digestion by transporting food from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated muscle contractions known as peristalsis.

Anatomy of the Esophagus

The esophagus is approximately 25 centimeters long and extends from the pharynx to the stomach. It is made up of several layers of tissue, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. The muscularis layer is particularly important as it facilitates the movement of food through the esophagus.

Function of the Esophagus

When you swallow food, it travels down the esophagus through a series of coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis. The esophagus also contains a sphincter at its lower end, called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which opens to allow food to enter the stomach and then closes to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.

Disorders of the Esophagus

Several conditions can affect the esophagus, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal cancer, and esophagitis. These conditions can cause symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain.

Study Guide

1. What is the function of the esophagus in the process of digestion?
2. Describe the anatomy of the esophagus, including its layers of tissue.
3. Explain the role of peristalsis in the movement of food through the esophagus.
4. What is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and why is it important?
5. Discuss at least two disorders that can affect the esophagus and their associated symptoms.