Homo habilis
Homo habilis is an extinct species of the genus Homo, which lived approximately 2.4 - 1.4 million years ago in the Early Pleistocene of East Africa. The name "Homo habilis" means "handy man" and reflects the fact that this species was the first to make and use stone tools. They are considered to be the earliest members of the genus Homo.
Physical Characteristics
Homo habilis had a smaller brain size compared to modern humans, with an average cranial capacity of about 510 to 660 cm³. They had a more human-like face and teeth compared to earlier hominin species, with less pronounced brow ridges. Their body proportions were more similar to modern humans, with longer legs and shorter arms, indicating a transition to bipedalism.
Tool Use and Culture
One of the key distinguishing features of Homo habilis is their association with stone tools. They are credited with the Oldowan industry, which consisted of simple stone tools such as choppers and flakes. This capability for tool use marked a significant advancement in the evolutionary history of early humans, allowing them to modify their environment and obtain resources more efficiently.
Behavior and Lifestyle
It is believed that Homo habilis was primarily a scavenger and a hunter-gatherer. Their ability to create and use tools would have allowed them to process meat and plant materials, contributing to their dietary flexibility and adaptability to different environments. They likely lived in small groups and engaged in cooperative hunting and food sharing.
