Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the lower front part of the neck. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, growth, and development.
Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected by a narrow band of tissue called the isthmus. It is made up of numerous follicles that contain a protein-rich colloid. These follicles are the functional units of the thyroid gland and are responsible for producing thyroid hormones.
Function of the Thyroid Gland
The primary function of the thyroid gland is to produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a key role in regulating metabolism, body temperature, heart rate, and the conversion of food into energy. They also play a crucial role in the growth and development of tissues and organs in the body.
Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Production
Thyroid hormone production is regulated by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production and release of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid Disorders
Disorders of the thyroid gland can lead to either overproduction (hyperthyroidism) or underproduction (hypothyroidism) of thyroid hormones. Common disorders include Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, goiter, and thyroid nodules.
Study Guide
- Describe the anatomical structure of the thyroid gland.
- Explain the function of thyroid hormones and their role in the body.
- Discuss the regulation of thyroid hormone production involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland.
- Identify and explain common disorders of the thyroid gland.
