Genotype

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from its parents. These alleles are the different forms of a gene that can result in different traits or characteristics in the organism.

Study Guide for Genotype:

1. Understanding Genes: Genes are the units of heredity that are passed down from parents to offspring. They are located on chromosomes and determine specific traits in an organism.
2. Alleles: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can occupy the same position on a chromosome. For example, the gene for eye color may have alleles for blue, green, or brown eyes.
3. Homozygous and Heterozygous: An organism is homozygous for a particular gene if it carries two identical alleles for that gene (e.g., AA or aa), while it is heterozygous if it carries two different alleles for that gene (e.g., Aa).
4. Punnett Squares: Punnett squares are used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring based on the genotypes of the parents. This tool is helpful in understanding how different combinations of alleles can result in specific genetic outcomes.
5. Phenotype: The genotype of an organism ultimately determines its phenotype, which is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Understanding genotype is crucial in the study of genetics and inheritance, as it helps in predicting and explaining the traits that organisms possess.