Islands

What is an Island?

An island is a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water. It can be found in oceans, seas, rivers, or lakes.

How are Islands Formed?

There are several ways in which islands can be formed:

• Volcanic activity: Some islands are formed as a result of volcanic eruptions, where molten rock is pushed up from the Earth's mantle to create new land.
• Deposition: Over time, sediments can accumulate in bodies of water, eventually building up to form islands.
• Erosion: The movement of water can erode the land, creating isolated land masses such as river islands or delta islands.

Types of Islands

There are different types of islands based on their geological formation:

• Continental islands: These are islands that were once connected to a continent but have become separated over time, often due to rising sea levels.
• Barrier islands: These long, narrow islands are found parallel to the mainland and provide protection for the coast against erosion and storms.
• Coral islands: Also known as atolls, these islands are formed from the accumulation of coral reef and often encircle a lagoon.
• Artificial islands: These are man-made islands created by humans for various purposes, such as tourism, urban development, or military bases.

Ecological Importance

Islands are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. Due to their isolation, many unique and endemic species can be found on islands. They also play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity.

Human Settlements

Islands have been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. They offer unique opportunities for cultures and communities to develop in relative isolation, leading to distinct island cultures and traditions.

Review Questions

1. What is an island?
2. How are islands formed?
3. What are the different types of islands?
4. Why are islands important for biodiversity?
5. What are some examples of human settlements on islands?