Geology Study Guide

Welcome to the study guide for geology! Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. Let's explore some key topics in geology:

Rock Types

Igneous Rocks: These rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material. Examples include granite and basalt.
Sedimentary Rocks: These rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of sediment. Examples include limestone and sandstone.
Metamorphic Rocks: These rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rock through heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Examples include marble and slate.

Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle. This movement is responsible for various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.

Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is a continuous process through which rocks are transformed from one type to another. It includes processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and melting.

Earth's Structure

The Earth is composed of several layers, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Each layer has distinct properties and composition, which influence geological processes.

Fossils and Paleontology

Geology also encompasses the study of fossils and the history of life on Earth. Paleontologists use geological principles to understand the evolution of life forms and past environments.

Now that you have an overview of these key topics in geology, it's time to dive deeper into each area and explore the fascinating world of Earth science!

◂Science Worksheets and Study Guides Second Grade. What is science?

Vocabulary/Answer key

What is science?

The resources above cover the following skills:

LIFE SCIENCE

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Obtain information from literature and other media to illustrate that there are many different kinds of living things and that they exist in different places on land and in water (e.g., woodland, tundra, desert, rainforest, ocean, river).

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE

Earth’s Systems

Make observations from media to obtain information about Earth’s events that happen over a short period of time (e.g., tornados, volcanic explosions, earthquakes) or over a time period longer than one can observe (e.g., erosion of rocks, melting of glaciers).

Collect and evaluate data to identify water found on Earth and determine whether it is a solid or a liquid (e.g., glaciers as solid forms of water; oceans, lakes, rivers, streams as liquid forms of water).