Homo Neanderthalensis

Homo neanderthalensis, also known as Neanderthals, were a species or subspecies in the genus Homo that inhabited Eurasia from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They are our closest extinct human relative, sharing a common ancestor with modern humans.

Physical Characteristics

• Stocky build
• Pronounced brow ridges
• Large nose
• Short, robust limbs

Lifestyle and Behavior

Neanderthals were skilled hunters and gatherers, using tools and weapons to hunt large animals and gather plants. They lived in small family groups and likely had complex social structures. Evidence suggests that they also cared for their sick and buried their dead, indicating some level of symbolic or ritualistic behavior.

Extinction

There are several theories about the extinction of Neanderthals, including competition with modern humans, climate change, and disease. The exact reason for their extinction remains a topic of ongoing research and debate.

Study Guide Questions

1. What are the physical characteristics of Homo neanderthalensis?
2. Describe the lifestyle and behavior of Neanderthals.
3. What are some theories about the extinction of Neanderthals?