Kidneys

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. They play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health by filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood to form urine. Additionally, the kidneys help regulate blood pressure, balance electrolytes, and produce hormones that stimulate red blood cell production and promote bone health.

Structure of the Kidneys

The kidneys consist of three main parts: the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis. Each kidney contains around a million nephrons, which are the functional units responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine.

Kidney Functions

The primary functions of the kidneys include:

• Filtering waste products from the blood
• Regulating fluid and electrolyte balance
• Controlling blood pressure
• Producing hormones like erythropoietin and calcitriol

Common Kidney Disorders

Some common disorders that can affect the kidneys include:

• Chronic kidney disease
• Kidney stones
• Urinary tract infections
• Polycystic kidney disease

Study Guide

To study the kidneys effectively, consider focusing on the following key points:

1. Understand the structure and location of the kidneys.
2. Learn about the functions of the kidneys and their role in maintaining overall health.
3. Explore common kidney disorders and their effects on the body.
4. Review the process of urine formation and the role of nephrons in kidney function.
5. Gain an understanding of the importance of maintaining kidney health through proper hydration and a balanced diet.

By mastering these key concepts, you will have a solid understanding of the kidneys and their essential functions in the human body.