Study Guide for Lichens

What are Lichens?

Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium.

Where are Lichens found?

Lichens are found in various environments, including forests, deserts, tundras, and even rocky surfaces. They can thrive in extreme conditions, such as high altitudes and polar regions.

How do Lichens reproduce?

Lichens reproduce through both sexual and asexual methods. In sexual reproduction, fungal spores and algal cells combine to form a new lichen. Asexual reproduction occurs through fragmentation, where a part of the lichen breaks off and grows into a new lichen.

What is the ecological importance of Lichens?

Lichens play a crucial role in ecosystems as they contribute to soil formation, provide food for animals, and can indicate air quality. They are also pioneer species, often the first to colonize new or disturbed environments.

What are the different forms of Lichens?

Lichens exist in various forms, including crustose (crust-like), foliose (leaf-like), and fruticose (shrub-like). These forms can vary in their appearance and habitat preferences.

Why are Lichens important for scientific research?

Due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, lichens are used as bioindicators to assess air pollution, climate change, and ecosystem health. Scientists study lichens to understand the impact of human activities on the environment.

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