Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants

Angiosperms are a group of plants that produce flowers for reproduction. They are the most diverse and widespread group of plants, with over 300,000 species, and they can be found in almost every habitat on Earth.

Characteristics of Angiosperms

• Flowers: Angiosperms produce flowers, which are the reproductive structures of the plant. The flowers contain the male and female reproductive organs.
• Fruits: After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit, which protects the developing seeds and aids in their dispersal.
• Seeds: Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within the ovary of the flower. The seeds are the reproductive units of the plant and contain the embryo and stored food.
• Vascular Tissue: Angiosperms have well-developed vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, which transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.
• Leaves: Most angiosperms have broad leaves with a network of veins, which are adapted for photosynthesis.

Life Cycle of Angiosperms

Angiosperms undergo a life cycle that includes alternation of generations, with a sporophyte stage and a gametophyte stage. The sporophyte is the dominant phase and produces spores through meiosis, which develop into the gametophyte stage. The gametophyte produces gametes (eggs and sperm) through mitosis, which fuse during fertilization to form a new sporophyte plant.

Study Guide

1. What are the reproductive structures of angiosperms?
2. How do fruits aid in the reproductive cycle of angiosperms?
3. Describe the role of vascular tissue in angiosperms.
4. Explain the alternation of generations in the life cycle of angiosperms.
5. Identify and describe the parts of a flower and their functions.

Understanding the characteristics and life cycle of angiosperms is essential for comprehending the diversity and importance of these flowering plants in the natural world.