Macrolides

Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting the bacteria's ability to produce proteins, which are essential for their growth and replication. Macrolides are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical bacteria.

Commonly Prescribed Macrolides

• Erythromycin
• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin

Mechanism of Action

Macrolides exert their antibacterial effects by binding to the bacterial ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. This binding inhibits the translocation step of protein synthesis, leading to the accumulation of incomplete proteins and ultimately bacterial cell death.

Indications

Macrolides are used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Atypical pneumonia
• Legionnaires' disease

Adverse Effects

Common side effects of macrolides include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Loss of appetite

Less commonly, macrolides can cause:

• Irregular heart rhythms
• Liver toxicity
• Allergic reactions

Drug Interactions

Macrolides can interact with other medications, such as:

• Warfarin
• Theophylline
• Statins
• Carbamazepine

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about macrolides:

1. Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
2. Commonly prescribed macrolides include erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin.
3. They are used to treat respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and atypical pneumonia, among others.
4. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
5. Macrolides can interact with other medications, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking.