Inflammation

Inflammation is the body's response to injury, infection, or irritation. It is a complex biological process that involves the immune system, blood vessels, and various signaling molecules. Inflammation is a crucial part of the body's defense mechanism, helping to remove harmful stimuli and initiate the healing process.

Causes of Inflammation

• Infection: When the body is invaded by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, the immune system responds by triggering inflammation to combat the infection.
• Injury: Physical trauma, such as cuts, burns, or sprains, can lead to inflammation as the body works to repair the damaged tissues.
• Autoimmune disorders: In conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to chronic inflammation.
• Chronic diseases: Conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease can also trigger low-level, chronic inflammation in the body.

Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation

There are five classic signs of inflammation, which can be remembered using the mnemonic "PRISH":

• Pain: Inflammation often causes localized pain or discomfort at the site of injury or infection.
• Redness: The affected area may appear red or flushed due to increased blood flow.
• Swelling: Fluid and white blood cells accumulate at the site of inflammation, leading to swelling.
• Heat: Increased blood flow can make the area feel warm to the touch.
• Loss of function: Inflammation may result in loss of function or impaired movement in the affected area.

Types of Inflammation

There are two main types of inflammation:

1. Acute inflammation: This type of inflammation occurs rapidly and is typically resolved within a few days. It is a normal and healthy response to injury or infection.
2. Chronic inflammation: When inflammation persists for an extended period, it can become chronic and contribute to various diseases, including arthritis, asthma, and certain cancers.

Role of the Immune System

The immune system plays a central role in the inflammatory response. When tissues are injured or infected, immune cells release signaling molecules called cytokines, which attract other immune cells to the site of inflammation. These immune cells work to remove pathogens, clear debris, and promote tissue repair.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about inflammation:

1. What are the causes of inflammation?
2. What are the five classic signs of inflammation?
3. Describe the differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
4. Explain the role of the immune system in the inflammatory response.