Sodium (Na)

Sodium is a chemical element found in the first group of the periodic table. It is a highly reactive metal that is essential for various biological processes.

Physical Properties of Sodium:

• Atomic number: 11
• Atomic mass: 22.99 amu
• Phase at room temperature: Solid
• Melting point: 97.79°C
• Boiling point: 882.9°C
• Density: 0.97 grams per cubic centimeter
• Color: Silver-white

Chemical Properties of Sodium:

• Sodium is highly reactive and is stored in oil or inert gas to prevent its reaction with moisture in the air.
• It readily forms compounds with other elements, especially halogens such as chlorine and fluorine.
• It reacts vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide.

Uses of Sodium:

• Sodium compounds such as sodium chloride (table salt) are used in food preparation and as a seasoning.
• Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of soaps and detergents.
• Sodium is used in the production of various chemicals and as a coolant in nuclear reactors.

Biological Importance of Sodium:

• Sodium is essential for various biological processes, including nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.
• It helps regulate fluid balance in the body and is important for maintaining blood pressure.
• Sodium is obtained through dietary sources, primarily through the consumption of salt.