Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney. It is responsible for producing a variety of hormones that are essential for the body's functioning.

Functions of the Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex produces three main types of hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.

Mineralocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, help regulate the balance of salt and water in the body. They play a key role in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are involved in the body's response to stress, regulation of metabolism, and immune function. They help the body respond to stress and regulate blood sugar levels.

Androgens

Androgens are a group of hormones that are involved in the development of male characteristics. While they are produced in much smaller amounts in the adrenal cortex compared to the testes, they still play a role in overall hormonal balance.

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

Disorders of the adrenal cortex can lead to imbalances in hormone production, which can have significant effects on the body. Some common disorders include Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Addison's Disease

Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal cortex does not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin.

Cushing's Syndrome

Cushing's syndrome occurs when the adrenal cortex produces too much cortisol. This can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal cortex's ability to produce hormones. This can lead to imbalances in hormone levels and symptoms such as ambiguous genitalia in females and early puberty in both males and females.

Study Tips

When studying the adrenal cortex, it's important to understand the functions of each type of hormone produced, as well as the potential disorders that can arise from imbalances in hormone production. Be sure to review the symptoms and causes of disorders such as Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.