The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck, near the thyroid gland. They are responsible for regulating the levels of calcium and phosphate in the body, which play crucial roles in bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction.
Most people have four parathyroid glands, which are typically located on the back of the thyroid gland. These glands are small, about the size of a grain of rice, and are usually found in pairs: two on the upper and two on the lower poles of the thyroid gland.
The main function of the parathyroid glands is to produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines.