Lichens

Lichens are unique organisms that arise from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. The fungus provides structural support and protection, while the alga or cyanobacterium produces food through photosynthesis. This partnership allows lichens to survive in a wide range of environments, including harsh conditions such as deserts, tundras, and rocky surfaces.

Characteristics of Lichens

• Dual Organism: Lichens are a combination of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium.
• Growth Forms: Lichens can exhibit various growth forms including crustose, foliose, and fruticose.
• Environmental Adaptability: Lichens can thrive in environments with low nutrients and harsh conditions.

Importance of Lichens

Lichens play a crucial role in the environment. They contribute to soil formation, provide food for wildlife, and serve as indicators of air quality. Additionally, lichens have been used in traditional medicine and as natural dyes.

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the symbiotic relationship involved in the formation of lichens?
2. Describe the different growth forms of lichens.
3. Explain the environmental adaptability of lichens.
4. Discuss the ecological importance of lichens.
5. How have lichens been utilized in traditional practices?