Germination

Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant. It involves the activation of the seed's embryo, which then starts to grow into a seedling. This process is influenced by several factors including water, temperature, oxygen, and light.

Stages of Germination

1. Activation: The seed takes in water, which activates enzymes that begin the process of germination.
2. Seedling Growth: The embryo inside the seed starts to grow and push through the seed coat.
3. Root Development: The root of the seedling begins to grow downwards into the soil in search of water and nutrients.
4. Shoot Development: The shoot emerges from the seedling and starts to grow upwards towards the light.
5. Leaf Development: The first leaves of the seedling begin to appear, allowing it to start photosynthesizing.

Factors Affecting Germination

Several factors can influence the germination process:

• Water: Seeds need water to start the germination process.
• Temperature: Different plants have different temperature requirements for germination.
• Oxygen: Seeds require oxygen for the metabolic processes involved in germination.
• Light: Some seeds require light to germinate, while others need darkness.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about germination:

1. What is germination and what are the stages involved?
2. What factors can influence the germination process?
3. Why is water essential for germination?
4. How does temperature affect germination in different plants?
5. Why do some seeds require light for germination while others need darkness?

Understanding the process of germination is essential for understanding plant growth and development. It is a fundamental concept in the life cycle of plants and is crucial for agriculture and horticulture.