Geological Processes

Geological processes are the natural processes that shape the Earth's surface and structure. These processes, which include weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity, are responsible for the formation of landforms such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus.

Weathering

Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces. This can occur through physical processes such as freezing and thawing, as well as chemical processes such as the action of water and acids.

Erosion

Erosion is the movement of weathered material from one place to another by the action of wind, water, or ice. This process can create features such as river valleys, canyons, and coastal cliffs.

Deposition

Deposition is the laying down of eroded material in a new location. This can lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks and landforms such as beaches, sand dunes, and river deltas.

Tectonic Activity

Tectonic activity is the movement and deformation of the Earth's crust. This includes processes such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanic activity, which can lead to the formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

Study Guide

• What are the four main geological processes?
• Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.
• Give examples of landforms formed by deposition.
• How does tectonic activity contribute to the formation of landforms?
• Describe the impact of geological processes on the Earth's surface.

Understanding geological processes is important for understanding the Earth's history and the formation of its landscapes. Studying these processes can also help us better understand natural hazards such as earthquakes and landslides, and their potential impact on human societies.