Gravity
Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. It is a fundamental force that affects all objects with mass and is responsible for phenomena such as the Earth's gravitational pull, the motion of planets around the sun, and the falling of objects. The strength of gravity is determined by the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Key Concepts
- Force of Attraction: Gravity is the force that pulls objects with mass towards each other.
- Mass: The amount of matter in an object. More massive objects have a greater gravitational pull.
- Distance: Gravity weakens with distance. The farther apart objects are, the weaker the gravitational force between them.
- Acceleration due to Gravity: On Earth, all objects experience a constant acceleration due to gravity, which is about 9.8 m/s2.
- Universal Law of Gravitation: The force of gravity between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Effects of Gravity
Gravity has several important effects on the natural world and our daily lives:
- Keeps Planets in Orbit: Gravity is responsible for keeping planets in orbit around the sun and moons in orbit around planets.
- Causes Tides: The gravitational pull of the moon and the sun causes the ocean tides on Earth.
- Weight: The force of gravity determines an object's weight. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object's mass.
- Free Fall: Objects in free fall experience the acceleration due to gravity and fall towards the Earth at a constant rate.
Study Guide
To better understand gravity, consider the following study guide:
- Define gravity and explain its role in the universe.
- Describe the factors that affect the strength of gravity between two objects.
- Explain the concept of acceleration due to gravity and how it varies on different celestial bodies.
- Discuss the practical applications of gravitational force in everyday life and scientific research.
- Research the historical development of our understanding of gravity, including the contributions of scientists like Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein.
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Worksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyThe resources above cover the following skills:
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth’s Systems
Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes (e.g., past volcanic and hydrothermal activity, burial of organic sediments, active weathering of rock).