Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, which is located on top of the kidneys. It is a crucial component of the body's endocrine system and plays a significant role in the body's response to stress and emergencies.

Anatomy of the Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla is composed of chromaffin cells, which are specialized neuroendocrine cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones include adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which are responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body.

Function of the Adrenal Medulla

When the body experiences stress or perceives a threat, the adrenal medulla is stimulated to release adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones act on various organs and tissues to prepare the body for action. They increase heart rate, dilate airways, and mobilize energy stores to provide a burst of energy and focus that is needed in a fight or flight situation.

Additionally, the hormones released by the adrenal medulla help to regulate blood pressure, increase blood flow to muscles, and enhance the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body's vital organs.

Study Guide

1. What is the location of the adrenal medulla?
2. What type of cells make up the adrenal medulla?
3. What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla?
4. What is the role of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the body?
5. How does the adrenal medulla prepare the body for action in a stressful situation?

Understanding the anatomy and function of the adrenal medulla is crucial for comprehending the body's response to stress and the importance of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.