Tectonic Forces

Tectonic forces are the natural processes that cause the movement and deformation of the Earth's crust. These forces create and shape the Earth's major features, such as mountains, valleys, and earthquake-prone areas.

Types of Tectonic Forces

There are three main types of tectonic forces:

1. Compression: This occurs when tectonic plates are pushed together, causing the crust to fold and buckle. This often creates mountain ranges.
2. Tension: Tensional forces pull tectonic plates apart, leading to the formation of rift valleys and the breakup of continents.
3. Shearing: Shearing forces cause rocks to slide past each other horizontally, leading to the formation of faults and earthquakes.

Effects of Tectonic Forces

Tectonic forces have a significant impact on the Earth's surface and its inhabitants. They can lead to the formation of new landforms, the destruction of existing ones, and the release of seismic energy in the form of earthquakes.

Study Guide

Key Concepts

• Definition of tectonic forces
• Types of tectonic forces: compression, tension, shearing
• Effects of tectonic forces on the Earth's surface
• Relationship between tectonic forces and earthquakes

Key Terminology

Tectonic Forces

The natural processes that cause movement and deformation of the Earth's crust

Compression

Forces that push tectonic plates together, leading to folding and mountain formation

Tension

Forces that pull tectonic plates apart, resulting in rift valleys and continental breakup

Shearing

Horizontal forces that cause rocks to slide past each other, leading to faults and earthquakes

Discussion Questions

1. How do tectonic forces contribute to the formation of mountain ranges?
2. What are the potential dangers associated with shearing tectonic forces?
3. Why are some areas more prone to earthquakes than others?