Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. It plays a key role in the female reproductive system and is also present in males, although its role in males is not fully understood.

Functions of Prolactin

Prolactin is best known for its role in stimulating milk production in women after childbirth. It also has other functions, including:

1. Regulating the immune system
2. Playing a role in metabolism and the regulation of water and salt balance
3. Contributing to the development of the mammary glands

Regulation of Prolactin

Prolactin secretion is primarily controlled by the hormone dopamine, which inhibits its release. When dopamine levels decrease, such as during pregnancy or breastfeeding, prolactin levels rise, leading to milk production.

Excess Prolactin

High levels of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinemia, can lead to irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and in some cases, milk production in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding. In men, it can cause erectile dysfunction and infertility.

Study Guide

When studying prolactin, it's important to understand its functions, regulation, and the consequences of excess prolactin. Make sure to be familiar with the following:

• The role of prolactin in stimulating milk production
• How prolactin is regulated in the body
• The effects of hyperprolactinemia in both women and men

Additionally, understanding the feedback loop involving dopamine and prolactin secretion is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of this topic.

Remember to review the interactions of prolactin with other hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, and how they collectively influence the reproductive system.

Finally, be familiar with the various medical conditions associated with prolactin imbalance and the potential treatment options available to restore hormonal balance.