Commensalism

Definition

Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species benefits without affecting the other species positively or negatively. The species that benefits is called the "commensal," while the other species is called the "host."

Example

An example of commensalism is the relationship between barnacles and whales. Barnacles attach themselves to the skin of whales and benefit from being carried to areas with abundant food, while the whales are not significantly affected by the presence of the barnacles.

Characteristics

• The commensal benefits from the relationship, while the host is neither significantly harmed nor helped.
• Commensalism can occur between species of different kingdoms, such as animals and plants, or within the same kingdom.
• The relationship is often one-sided, with only one species benefiting, while the other remains unaffected.

Study Guide

To effectively study commensalism, consider the following points:

1. Understand the definition of commensalism and be able to differentiate it from other types of symbiotic relationships, such as mutualism and parasitism.
2. Learn and be able to provide examples of commensalism in different ecosystems, such as marine, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.
3. Explore the ecological significance of commensalism and its impact on the stability and dynamics of ecosystems.
4. Identify the characteristics of commensalism and how they distinguish it from other ecological interactions.
5. Consider the diversity of commensal relationships and how they may vary across different species and environments.