Adrenal Gland

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They are a part of the endocrine system and are responsible for producing hormones that are essential for the body's functioning.

Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland

The adrenal glands are composed of two main parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, while the adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Functions of the Adrenal Gland

The adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body's response to stress. When the body is under stress, the adrenal glands release adrenaline and noradrenaline, which prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response. Additionally, the adrenal cortex hormones help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and the body's response to inflammation and stress.

Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

Several disorders can affect the adrenal glands, including Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenal tumors. These conditions can result in hormone imbalances and lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight changes, and blood pressure abnormalities.

Study Guide

1. What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?
2. Describe the functions of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
3. Explain the role of the adrenal glands in the body's response to stress.
4. What are some common disorders that can affect the adrenal glands?
5. How do hormone imbalances in the adrenal glands impact the body?