Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It is an essential mineral for the human body, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes, including bone and teeth formation, muscle function, nerve transmission, and hormone secretion.

Properties of Calcium

• Atomic number: 20
• Symbol: Ca
• Atomic weight: 40.08
• Group: Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
• Period: Period 4
• Electron configuration: [Ar] 4s²

Sources of Calcium

Calcium is commonly found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. It can also be obtained from green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and fortified food products.

Role in the Body

Calcium is essential for:

• Bone and teeth formation
• Muscle contraction and relaxation
• Nerve impulse transmission
• Blood clotting
• Hormone secretion

Calcium Deficiency

Insufficient intake of calcium can lead to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, as well as increased risk of fractures. Other symptoms of calcium deficiency include muscle cramps, numbness, and poor dental health.

Study Guide

To study calcium, consider the following key points:

1. Understand the role of calcium in bone formation and maintenance.
2. Learn about the sources of dietary calcium and how it is absorbed and utilized in the body.
3. Explore the consequences of calcium deficiency and the importance of meeting daily calcium requirements.
4. Consider the interplay of calcium with other minerals and vitamins in the body.
5. Review the periodic table to understand calcium's placement and properties among other elements.