The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. They are part of the endocrine system and play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body.

Function

The main function of the parathyroid glands is to produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate the level of calcium in the blood. PTH acts to increase the level of calcium in the blood when it falls below a certain level.

Regulation of Calcium

When the parathyroid glands detect low levels of calcium in the blood, they release PTH. PTH then acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase the levels of calcium in the blood. This helps to maintain the normal functioning of nerves, muscles, and other tissues in the body.

Disorders

Disorders of the parathyroid glands can lead to either excessive or insufficient production of PTH, resulting in conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, which can have significant effects on calcium balance and overall health.

Study Guide

Where are the parathyroid glands located in the body?
What is the primary function of the parathyroid glands?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) help regulate calcium levels in the blood?
What are the effects of disorders of the parathyroid glands on calcium balance?
Describe the role of PTH in maintaining the normal functioning of nerves and muscles.