Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. It plays a key role in the female body, particularly in the reproductive system and during pregnancy.

Functions of Prolactin

• Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth
• Regulates the menstrual cycle and ovulation
• Contributes to the maintenance of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone during the early stages of pregnancy
• Plays a role in immune regulation, metabolism, and behavior

Regulation of Prolactin

Prolactin production is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that releases dopamine to inhibit prolactin secretion. When dopamine levels decrease, such as during pregnancy or breastfeeding, prolactin levels rise to stimulate milk production.

Disorders Related to Prolactin

Imbalances in prolactin levels can lead to various health issues, including infertility, irregular menstrual periods, and challenges with breastfeeding. High levels of prolactin, known as hyperprolactinemia, can be caused by conditions such as pituitary tumors or certain medications.

Study Guide

1. What is the primary function of prolactin in the female body?
2. How is prolactin production regulated in the body?
3. What are the potential health issues associated with imbalances in prolactin levels?
4. Describe the role of prolactin in the reproductive system.
5. Explain the relationship between prolactin and breastfeeding.