Ions

An ion is a charged particle that forms when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons. Atoms are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion and carries a positive or negative charge.

Formation of Ions

There are two types of ions: cations and anions. Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in a negatively charged ion.

Cations

Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. For example, when a sodium atom loses one electron, it becomes a sodium ion with a 1+ charge (Na⁺). The loss of an electron creates an excess of protons, giving the ion a positive charge.

Anions

Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. For example, when a chlorine atom gains one electron, it becomes a chloride ion with a 1- charge (Cl^-). The gain of an electron creates an excess of negative charge, giving the ion a negative charge.

Study Guide

1. What is an ion?
2. How are cations formed?
3. Provide an example of a cation and its charge.
4. How are anions formed?
5. Provide an example of an anion and its charge.
6. What is the difference between cations and anions?