Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They are part of the endocrine system and are responsible for producing hormones that help regulate various bodily functions.

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands are composed of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, which helps regulate metabolism and immune function, and aldosterone, which helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

The adrenal medulla produces hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores.

Functions of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body's response to stress, as well as in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and electrolyte balance.

Adrenal hormones also influence various organs and tissues throughout the body, including the liver, muscles, and immune system.

Study Guide

1. What are the two main parts of the adrenal glands? Describe the function of each part.
2. Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex, and what are their respective functions?
3. What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla, and how do they help the body respond to stress?
4. How do adrenal hormones regulate metabolism and immune function?
5. Discuss the role of adrenal hormones in blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Understanding the anatomy and functions of the adrenal glands is crucial for comprehending the body's response to stress and the regulation of various physiological processes.