Cations

Definition:

A cation is a positively charged ion that is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Formation of Cations:

When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged and forms a cation. This typically occurs in reactions where atoms undergo oxidation, releasing electrons in the process.

Naming Cations:

Cations are named by using the name of the element followed by the word "ion." For example, a sodium cation is simply called a sodium ion (Na⁺).

Properties of Cations:

• Cations are smaller in size compared to their parent atoms.
• They are attracted to the negative terminal (cathode) in electrolysis.
• Cations are often metals and tend to form ionic compounds with anions (negatively charged ions).

Examples of Common Cations:

Some common cations include:

• Sodium ion (Na⁺)
• Potassium ion (K⁺)
• Calcium ion (Ca²⁺)
• Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)
• Hydrogen ion (H⁺)

Study Guide:

Here are some key points to remember about cations:

1. Understand the concept of ion formation and the role of electrons in forming cations.
2. Memorize the names and charges of common cations.
3. Practice writing chemical formulas and names for cations and anions.
4. Learn the properties and behavior of cations in chemical reactions and electrolysis.