Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt. It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is a white solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water, creating an exothermic reaction. It is used in various industries including chemical manufacturing, paper production, soap making, and water treatment.

Properties of Sodium Hydroxide

• Physical State: Solid
• Color: White
• Odor: Odorless
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water
• pH: Highly alkaline (pH > 13)

Chemical Reactions

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and reacts with various substances. Some common reactions include:

1. Neutralization: Reacts with acids to form salt and water
2. Saponification: Reacts with fats and oils to produce soap
3. Hydrolysis: Reacts with certain metals to form hydrogen gas
4. Corrosion: Can corrode certain materials including aluminum and glass

Uses of Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide has numerous industrial and household applications:

• Chemical Manufacturing: Used in the production of various chemicals including detergents, textiles, and plastics
• Water Treatment: Used to adjust pH levels and remove heavy metals from water
• Soap Making: Utilized in the saponification process to produce soap
• Paper Production: Used in the pulping and bleaching processes
• Alumina Production: Used in the refining of bauxite ore to produce alumina for aluminum production

Precautions

When handling sodium hydroxide, it is important to take precautions due to its caustic nature:

• Wear protective gloves and goggles to avoid skin and eye contact
• Avoid inhaling fumes or dust particles
• Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials
• Dispose of properly according to local regulations

Study Guide

When studying sodium hydroxide, focus on the following key points:

1. Chemical formula and molecular structure
2. Physical and chemical properties of sodium hydroxide
3. Common reactions involving sodium hydroxide
4. Industrial and household uses of sodium hydroxide
5. Safety precautions when handling sodium hydroxide

Be sure to practice balancing chemical equations involving sodium hydroxide and understand its role in various industrial processes.