Babylon

Babylon was an ancient city located in Mesopotamia, in present-day Iraq. It was one of the most important cities in ancient Mesopotamia and was the capital of the Babylonian Empire.

History

The city of Babylon was founded around 2300 BC by the Amorite king, Sumu-abum. It grew in prominence and became a major city under the rule of Hammurabi, who established the famous Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest known written legal codes.

Under the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon reached its peak and became one of the largest and most prosperous cities in the ancient world. It was known for its impressive walls and buildings, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Culture and Achievements

The Babylonians made significant contributions to science, mathematics, and astronomy. They developed a sophisticated system of mathematics based on the number 60, which is why we still have 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour.

They also made advancements in astronomy and created a calendar based on the movements of the moon and the sun. Their contributions in these fields have had a lasting impact on human civilization.

Decline and Legacy

After the death of Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon gradually declined in power and importance. It was conquered by the Persian Empire in 539 BC, and the city lost its status as a major political and cultural center.

Despite its decline, Babylon's legacy endured through its influence on later civilizations, including the Greeks and the Romans. The city's rich history and contributions to various fields continue to be studied and celebrated today.

Study Guide

To study the topic of Babylon, it would be helpful to focus on the following key points:

1. The location and significance of Babylon in ancient Mesopotamia
2. The historical development of Babylon, including its rulers and major achievements
3. The cultural and scientific contributions of the Babylonians
4. The decline of Babylon and its lasting legacy

Additionally, it would be beneficial to explore primary sources and archaeological evidence related to Babylon to gain a deeper understanding of the topic.

[Babylon] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:

• MesopotamiaSocial Studies • Eighth Grade
• Ancient IsraelSocial Studies • Eighth Grade