Earth's Core

The Earth's core is the innermost part of the Earth, consisting primarily of iron and nickel. It is divided into two distinct regions: the outer core and the inner core.

Outer Core

The outer core is a liquid layer located beneath the Earth's mantle and above the inner core. It is composed of molten iron and nickel, and is about 2,300 kilometers (1,430 miles) thick. The outer core is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field through the movement of conductive materials within it. This process, known as the geodynamo, is essential for protecting the Earth from harmful solar radiation.

Inner Core

The inner core is a solid, dense sphere with a radius of about 1,220 kilometers (760 miles). It is primarily made up of solid iron and nickel, with some traces of other elements. The immense pressure at the Earth's core keeps the inner core solid despite the high temperatures. The inner core plays a crucial role in the Earth's geodynamo process, contributing to the generation of the planet's magnetic field.

Study Guide

1. What are the two main components of the Earth's core?
2. Describe the composition and state of the outer core.
3. Explain the significance of the geodynamo process in the outer core.
4. Discuss the composition and physical properties of the inner core.
5. How does the inner core contribute to the Earth's magnetic field?

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