Evaporation

Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state, primarily from the surfaces of oceans, rivers, and lakes. The energy for evaporation comes from the sun, which heats the surface water and causes it to change into water vapor.

Condensation

Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water. This occurs when the air cools and cannot hold the water vapor, leading to the formation of clouds.

Precipitation

Precipitation is the release of water from the atmosphere in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It occurs when the condensed water droplets in the clouds become heavy enough to fall to the Earth's surface.

Runoff

Runoff refers to the movement of water over the Earth's surface and is a key component of the hydrological cycle. After precipitation, water can flow over the ground and collect in rivers, streams, and oceans, eventually returning to the oceans to continue the cycle.

Infiltration

Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. The water moves into the soil and eventually reaches the groundwater, contributing to the replenishment of aquifers and underground reservoirs.

Study Tips:

1. Understand the key processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration.
2. Learn about the factors that influence each process, such as temperature, humidity, and topography.
3. Explore the impact of human activities on the hydrological cycle, such as deforestation, urbanization, and pollution.
4. Utilize visual aids, such as diagrams and animations, to enhance your understanding of the cycle.
5. Consider real-world examples of the hydrological cycle, such as droughts, floods, and water conservation efforts, to appreciate its significance in the environment.