Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell in the human body. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs for exhalation.

Structure of Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells are small, biconcave discs that lack a nucleus and most organelles. This unique shape provides a large surface area for the absorption and release of oxygen. The absence of a nucleus allows for more space to carry hemoglobin, the protein that binds to oxygen and gives red blood cells their characteristic red color.

Formation of Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis. This process is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.

Function of Red Blood Cells

The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs, and to transport carbon dioxide from the body's tissues and organs to the lungs for exhalation. This exchange of gases is essential for cellular respiration and the release of metabolic waste.

Red Blood Cell Disorders

Several disorders can affect red blood cells, including anemia, which is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin levels, and sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and prone to breaking down.

Study Guide

• What is the function of red blood cells?
• Describe the structure of red blood cells and how it relates to their function.
• Explain the process of erythropoiesis and the role of erythropoietin in red blood cell production.
• Discuss the importance of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
• Identify and describe common disorders that affect red blood cells.