Atoms
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that defines the chemical elements. Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Structure of an Atom
The structure of an atom consists of a nucleus at the center, which contains protons and neutrons. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
Subatomic Particles
- Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus. They determine the atomic number of an element.
- Neutrons: Neutral particles found in the nucleus. They contribute to the atomic mass of an element.
- Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. They determine the chemical properties of an element.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Study Guide
- What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom? Protons, neutrons, electrons
- Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom? In the nucleus
- What is the charge of an electron? Negatively charged
- What is the atomic number of an element? Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus
- Define mass number. The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Understanding the structure and properties of atoms is fundamental to understanding the behavior of matter and chemical reactions.
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Science, Kindergarten, Adopted 2017 – The provisions of §§112.11-112.16 of this subchapter shall be implemented by school districts beginning with the 2018-2019 school year.
Knowledge and skills.
Organisms and environments. The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and processes that help them survive within their environments. The student is expected to:
sort plants and animals into groups based on physical characteristics such as color, size, body covering, or leaf shape
identify basic parts of plants and animals