Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It is located mostly in the Arctic and is almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America. The ocean is covered by sea ice throughout the year, with the ice reaching its maximum extent in the winter and shrinking in the summer.

Key Facts

• Surface Area: Approximately 5.4 million square miles
• Maximum Depth: 18,050 feet
• Sea Ice: Extent varies seasonally, reaching maximum in winter
• Surrounded by: Eurasia and North America

Wildlife

The Arctic Ocean is home to a variety of unique and specialized wildlife, including polar bears, seals, walruses, and a wide range of seabirds. The ocean also supports a diverse range of marine life, including fish, whales, and other mammals adapted to the cold, icy environment.

Climate and Environment

The Arctic Ocean experiences extremely cold temperatures, with the surrounding landmasses and ice acting as a significant influence on the climate. The region is also undergoing rapid environmental changes due to global warming, leading to concerns about the melting of sea ice, rising sea levels, and the impact on the ecosystem.

Human Activity

Human activity in the Arctic Ocean includes fishing, shipping, and resource extraction, as well as scientific research and tourism. The region is also a focus of international attention due to its strategic importance and potential for future economic development as the ice recedes.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to focus on when studying the Arctic Ocean:

1. Location and surrounding landmasses
2. Sea ice coverage and seasonal variations
3. Wildlife and marine ecosystems
4. Climate and environmental changes
5. Human activity and its impact

By understanding these aspects of the Arctic Ocean, you will have a comprehensive overview of this unique and important part of the Earth's geography.