Key Facts

• Date: July 1 - November 18, 1916
• Location: Somme River, France
• Belligerents: British Empire, French Third Republic vs. German Empire
• Casualties: Over 1 million

Causes of the Battle

The Battle of the Somme was launched as a joint offensive by the British and French forces in an attempt to relieve pressure on the French at Verdun, where they were under heavy German attack. The goal was to draw German forces away from Verdun and break through the heavily fortified German lines.

Key Events

The battle began with a massive artillery bombardment by the Allied forces, which was meant to destroy the German barbed wire and trenches. However, the bombardment was not as effective as hoped, and the German defenses remained largely intact.

On July 1, 1916, the British launched a large-scale infantry assault, resulting in heavy casualties. The battle continued for months, with both sides suffering massive losses and gaining only minimal ground.

Impact

The Battle of the Somme had a profound impact on the war and the countries involved. It exposed the limitations of military tactics and the effectiveness of trench warfare. The battle also led to a reevaluation of military strategies and the introduction of new tactics and technologies.

Study Guide

1. What were the main objectives of the Battle of the Somme? Was it successful in achieving these objectives?
2. Discuss the role of artillery in the battle and its effectiveness in achieving the Allied objectives.
3. What were the major outcomes and consequences of the Battle of the Somme for the participating countries?
4. Explain the significance of the Battle of the Somme in the context of World War I.
5. Research and discuss the personal experiences of soldiers who fought in the Battle of the Somme.