Ileum

The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in the digestive system. It follows the jejunum and is connected to the cecum of the large intestine. The primary function of the ileum is to absorb nutrients from the digested food that has passed through the stomach and the previous sections of the small intestine.

Anatomy of the Ileum

The ileum is approximately 3-4 meters long and is located in the lower part of the abdomen. It is characterized by the presence of numerous small finger-like projections called villi, which increase its surface area for better absorption of nutrients. The walls of the ileum also contain numerous lymphoid nodules, which are part of the immune system's defense against pathogens.

Functions of the Ileum

The primary functions of the ileum include:

1. Nutrient Absorption: The ileum absorbs nutrients such as vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining nutrients that were not absorbed in the jejunum.
2. Immune Function: The lymphoid nodules in the walls of the ileum help protect the body from harmful microorganisms and toxins that may be present in the digested food.

Study Guide

To study the ileum effectively, consider the following key points:

1. Understand the anatomy of the ileum, including its length, location, and the presence of villi and lymphoid nodules.
2. Learn the functions of the ileum, particularly its role in absorbing nutrients and its contribution to the immune system.
3. Explore the process of nutrient absorption in the ileum and how it relates to the overall digestive system.
4. Consider any associated medical conditions or diseases that may affect the ileum, such as Crohn's disease or ileitis.

By mastering these key points, you will have a solid understanding of the structure and function of the ileum and its importance in the digestive process.