Numbers are mathematical objects used to count, measure, and label. They can be classified into different types, such as natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers.
Natural numbers are the counting numbers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. They do not include negative numbers or fractions.
Whole numbers include all the natural numbers along with zero, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. They do not include negative numbers or fractions.
Integers include all the whole numbers as well as their negative counterparts, such as ..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers, where the denominator is not zero. For example, 1/2, 3/4, -2/5, etc.
Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction, such as the square root of 2 or pi (π).