Whole Numbers Study Guide

1. Definition: Whole numbers are the set of numbers that includes all the positive integers from 0 upwards.
2. Examples: Some examples of whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on.
3. Properties:
   • Whole numbers are closed under addition and multiplication, meaning that when you add or multiply two whole numbers, the result is also a whole number.
   • Whole numbers are not closed under subtraction or division. For example, 5 - 7 is not a whole number, and 7 ÷ 3 is not a whole number.
   • The whole number 0 is the additive identity, meaning that adding 0 to any whole number gives the same whole number.
4. Number Line: Whole numbers can be represented on a number line, with 0 as the starting point and the numbers increasing to the right.
5. Operations:
   • Addition: When adding whole numbers, simply add the digits together. Carry over any digits if the sum is greater than 9.
   • Subtraction: When subtracting whole numbers, borrow from the next highest place value if necessary. If the top number is smaller than the bottom, subtracting will result in a negative number, which is not a whole number.
   • Multiplication: To multiply whole numbers, simply multiply the digits together. The result will also be a whole number.
   • Division: Division of whole numbers may result in a quotient with a remainder, which is not a whole number. However, if the division is exact, the quotient will be a whole number.
6. Real-Life Applications: Whole numbers are used in everyday life for counting objects, representing quantities, and performing basic arithmetic operations.