Electron
An electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It is one of the fundamental particles that make up the structure of atoms. Electrons are found outside the atomic nucleus in regions known as electron shells or energy levels. They play a crucial role in determining the chemical and physical properties of elements and are involved in various phenomena such as electricity, magnetism, and chemical bonding.
Properties of Electrons:
- Charge: The charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10-19 coulombs.
- Mass: The mass of an electron is approximately 9.11 x 10-31 kilograms.
- Spin: Electrons have a property called spin, which is a fundamental aspect of their behavior in atomic and molecular systems.
- Wave-Particle Duality: Like all subatomic particles, electrons exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior, as described by the principles of quantum mechanics.
Study Guide:
To study electrons effectively, it is important to understand the following key concepts:
- Atomic Structure: Learn about the arrangement of electrons in an atom, including electron shells, orbitals, and energy levels.
- Electron Configuration: Understand how to write the electron configuration of an atom using the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.
- Electron Movement: Explore the behavior of electrons in electric fields, magnetic fields, and during chemical reactions.
- Quantum Mechanics: Familiarize yourself with the basic principles of quantum mechanics and how they apply to the behavior of electrons.
- Applications: Study the practical applications of electrons in technologies such as electronics, semiconductors, and quantum computing.
By mastering these concepts, you will develop a strong foundation in understanding the nature and behavior of electrons, which is essential in various fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering.
[Electron] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:
.◂Physics Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Thermodynamics
Worksheet/Answer key
Thermodynamics 
Worksheet/Answer key
Thermodynamics Worksheet/Answer key
Thermodynamics Worksheet/Answer key
Thermodynamics
Worksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyThe resources above cover the following skills:
PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)
Matter and Its Interactions
Students who demonstrate understanding can:
Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Energy
Students who demonstrate understanding can:
Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).