Lysosomes: The Recycling Center of the Cell

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Structure of Lysosomes

Lysosomes are typically spherical in shape and are surrounded by a single membrane. The interior of the lysosome is acidic, which is necessary for the optimal activity of the hydrolytic enzymes contained within it.

Function of Lysosomes

Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular digestion, recycling of cellular components, and the clearance of cellular debris. They are responsible for breaking down and recycling old or damaged organelles, as well as engulfed foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses through a process called phagocytosis.

Study Guide

1. What is the structure of a lysosome?
   A. Spherical with a single membrane
   B. Irregular with multiple membranes
   C. Tubular with no membrane
2. What type of enzymes are found in lysosomes?
   A. Photosynthetic enzymes
   B. Hydrolytic enzymes
   C. Respiratory enzymes
3. What is the function of lysosomes?
   A. Synthesizing proteins
   B. Cellular respiration
   C. Intracellular digestion and recycling
4. What is the pH of the interior of a lysosome?
   A. Neutral
   B. Acidic
   C. Alkaline
5. Which process involves the engulfing of foreign substances by lysosomes?
   A. Photosynthesis
   B. Cellular respiration
   C. Phagocytosis