Large Intestine

The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the final part of the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, and for the formation and storage of feces before defecation.

Anatomy of the Large Intestine

The large intestine is divided into several parts, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum. The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine and is about 1.5 meters long.

Functions of the Large Intestine

• Water Absorption: The large intestine absorbs water from the indigestible food residue, leaving a semi-solid waste material.
• Electrolyte Absorption: It also absorbs electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, from the remaining chyme.
• Formation of Feces: The large intestine compacts the waste material and forms feces by absorbing water and salts, and by hosting beneficial bacteria that aid in the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.
• Storage and Elimination: The rectum stores feces until it is evacuated through the anus during defecation.

Study Guide

1. What is the other name for the large intestine?
2. Identify the parts of the large intestine and their functions.
3. How does the large intestine contribute to the formation of feces?
4. Describe the process of water absorption in the large intestine.
5. What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?