The Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet. On Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several tectonic plates that are constantly moving and interacting with each other.

Composition

The lithosphere is composed of rocks, minerals, and soil. The crust is made up of different types of rocks such as granite, basalt, and sedimentary rocks. The upper mantle beneath the crust is also part of the lithosphere and is made up of solid rock that can flow over long periods of time.

Structure

The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which can be oceanic or continental. These plates interact at their boundaries, leading to processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountain ranges.

Importance

The lithosphere is important for supporting life on Earth. It provides a solid foundation for the continents and ocean basins, and it is the source of many valuable resources such as minerals, metals, and fossil fuels.

Study Guide

Key Concepts

• What is the composition of the lithosphere?
• How is the lithosphere structured?
• What are the tectonic plates and how do they interact?
• Why is the lithosphere important for life on Earth?

Key Terms

• Lithosphere
• Tectonic plates
• Crust
• Mantle
• Continental drift

Study Tips

• Review the different types of rocks that make up the crust.
• Understand the processes that occur at plate boundaries, such as subduction and seafloor spreading.
• Learn about the history of the Earth's lithosphere, including the theory of continental drift.
• Explore the impact of human activities on the lithosphere, such as mining and deforestation.