Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are one of the two major cell types, the other being prokaryotic cells. They are characterized by the presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells:

• Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
• Membrane-bound Organelles: Eukaryotic cells contain various specialized structures such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and others.
• Complex Structure: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
• Cellular Organization: Eukaryotic cells exhibit compartmentalization, allowing different cellular processes to occur in specific organelles.

Examples of Eukaryotic Organisms:

Eukaryotic cells are found in a wide variety of organisms, including:

• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protozoa

Study Guide:

Here are some key points to remember about eukaryotic cells:

1. What is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells?
   Answer: The presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. List three examples of eukaryotic organisms.
   Answer: Plants, animals, and fungi.
3. How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
   Answer: Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles.
4. Name two membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells and describe their functions.
   Answer: Mitochondria (site of cellular respiration) and endoplasmic reticulum (involved in protein and lipid synthesis).