Organic Matter

Organic matter refers to the material that comes from living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is composed of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. Organic matter is an essential component of soil and plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil fertility.

Composition of Organic Matter

• Carbon (C)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)
• Nitrogen (N)
• Other elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and trace minerals

Importance of Organic Matter

Organic matter contributes to soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. It provides a food source for soil organisms and promotes biological activity in the soil. Additionally, organic matter helps in the sequestration of carbon, contributing to the mitigation of climate change.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember when studying organic matter:

1. Define organic matter and its composition.
2. Discuss the role of organic matter in soil fertility and nutrient cycling.
3. Explain the importance of organic matter in the context of sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.
4. Identify different sources of organic matter, such as crop residues, animal manure, and compost.
5. Describe the processes involved in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients.
6. Discuss the factors that influence the rate of organic matter decomposition, such as temperature, moisture, and oxygen availability.

Understanding the significance of organic matter in soil systems is crucial for agriculture, environmental science, and sustainable land management.