Stomach

The stomach is a muscular organ located in the upper abdomen, between the esophagus and the small intestine. Its main function is to break down and digest food in order to extract nutrients and energy for the body.

Structure of the Stomach

The stomach is divided into four main regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. It is lined with a mucous membrane that contains glands which secrete gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid and enzymes, to aid in the digestion of food.

Functions of the Stomach

1. Storage: The stomach can store food for a few hours, allowing for gradual release into the small intestine.
2. Digestion: The stomach uses mechanical and chemical processes to break down food into a semi-liquid mixture called chyme.
3. Protection: The acidic environment in the stomach helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens present in food.

Common Disorders of the Stomach

• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infection, alcohol consumption, or certain medications.
• Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about the stomach:

1. Location and position of the stomach in the abdomen.
2. Structure of the stomach, including its four main regions and the functions of the mucous membrane.
3. Functions of the stomach, including storage, digestion, and protection.
4. Common disorders of the stomach and their causes.

Understanding the structure and function of the stomach is important for understanding the digestive system as a whole, and for maintaining good digestive health.